Science behind the puzzle

Why spheres, why a tetrahedron.

Spheromino isn't decorated with maths — it is the maths. Here's the short tour of what your hands are actually solving.

01

Close packing — twelve neighbours

Stack oranges and each one settles against twelve others, not the six of a square grid. That is face-centred cubic (FCC) packing. Spheromino lives on this lattice: positions carry coordinates [x, y, z] in a 60° skew basis, and two balls touch exactly when the quadratic form

Q(Δ) = Δx² + Δy² + Δz² + ΔxΔy + ΔxΔz + ΔyΔz = 1.

That single rule decides which balls are neighbours, whether a segment is a valid connected shape, and how tightly two pieces interlock.

02

Triangular & tetrahedral numbers

A tetrahedron of edge 5 is built from five triangular layers of 1, 3, 6, 10, 15 balls. They sum to 35 — the 5th tetrahedral number. Segments are made of 1–5 balls, so an edge of exactly 5 is the smallest board where the whole family of pieces fits.

1
3
6
10
15
Five triangular layers — 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 = 35, the 5th tetrahedral number. Each layer is a triangular number.
03

Rare by design — 435 in ~32,164

A set is a subset of the 21 segments whose sizes add to 35. Most subsets that add up can't actually tile the tetrahedron. Of roughly 32,164 size-valid combinations, at least 435 are known to truly pack — about 1.4% — and the solver keeps finding more. Finding a packable set is the hard, beautiful part.

04

Twelve orientations, one solution

The tetrahedron's rotation group (A₄) has 12 orientations. One solved object, shown from different angles and with different pieces hidden, becomes a whole family of puzzles — which is how a handful of sets yields thousands of tasks.

05

Why it's a good puzzle

Spatial reasoning, planning, and the satisfying click of a unique solution. Difficulty is honest: it grows with how many segments are hidden (4 → 7 = Beginner → Genius) and how many pieces cross at right angles. Every task ships with a colourblind-safe letter on each segment, so it's readable for everyone.